1 打开字典显示相似段落显示影印本谐讔:
芮良夫之诗云：“自有肺肠，俾民卒狂。”夫心险如山，口壅若川，怨怒之情不一，欢谑之言无方。昔华元弃甲，城者发睅目之讴；臧纥丧师，国人造侏儒之歌；并嗤戏形貌，内怨为俳也。又蚕蟹鄙谚，狸首淫哇，苟可箴戒，载于礼典，故知谐辞讔言，亦无弃矣。Rui Liangfu's poem says: "He has his own lungs and bowels, causing the people to finally go mad." His heart is treacherous as a mountain, his mouth blocked like a river; the feelings of resentment and anger are not uniform, and words of mirth and jest have no fixed pattern. In the past, Hua Yuan abandoned his armor, and those defending the city raised a song with glaring eyes; Zang He lost his army, and the people of the state composed a song about dwarfs; They mocked and ridiculed appearances, expressing inner resentment through jest. Moreover, vulgar proverbs about silkworms and crabs, lewd cries of weasels, if they can serve as admonitions, are recorded in ritual classics. Therefore, it is known that humorous words and riddles should not be discarded either.
2 打开字典显示相似段落显示影印本谐讔:
谐之言皆也，辞浅会俗，皆悦笑也。昔齐威酣乐，而淳于说甘酒；楚襄宴集，而宋玉赋好色。意在微讽，有足观者。及优旃之讽漆城，优孟之谏葬马，并谲辞饰说，抑止昏暴。是以子长编史，列传滑稽，以其辞虽倾回，意归义正也。但本体不雅，其流易弊。于是东方、枚皋，餔糟啜醨，无所匡正，而诋嫚媟弄，故其自称“为赋，乃亦俳也，见视如倡”，亦有悔矣。至魏人因俳说以著笑书，薛综凭宴会而发嘲调，虽拚笑衽席，而无益时用矣。然而懿文之士，未免枉辔；潘岳丑妇之属，束皙卖饼之类，尤而效之，盖以百数。魏晋滑稽，盛相驱扇，遂乃应瑒之鼻，方于盗削卵；张华之形，比乎握舂杵。曾是莠言，有亏德音，岂非溺者之妄笑，胥靡之狂歌欤？Words of humor are all such; the language is shallow but conforms to popular taste, and they all bring joy and laughter. In the past, King Wei of Qi indulged in music and revelry, while Chunyu persuaded him with sweet wine; King Xiang of Chu held a banquet, and Song Yu composed a piece about love for beauty. Their intention was subtle satire, and there is much to observe in that. Later, You Zhan used humor to satirize the painting of a city wall, and You Meng advised against burying a horse by using jest; both employed witty words and embellished arguments to restrain ignorance and tyranny. Therefore, Zizhang compiled history and included a biography of humorous figures, because although their words were playful and indirect, their intent ultimately returned to righteousness. But the original form is not elegant, and its later developments are easily flawed. Thus, Dongfang and Mei Gao, feeding on the dregs of wine and drinking thin liquor, did nothing to correct or guide; instead, they engaged in mockery and indecency. Hence, when they claimed themselves "those who compose fu are also jesters, regarded like performers," there was indeed regret. By the time of Wei, people used jest and satire to compose humorous writings; Xue Zong relied on banquets to deliver taunts. Although they brought laughter and mirth at feasts, their works were of no practical use in their times. However, scholars of refined literature could not avoid being led astray; Works like Pan Yue's "Ugly Wife" and Shu Xi's "Selling Buns," were especially imitated, with hundreds following in their footsteps. During the Wei and Jin periods, humor and jest flourished, spreading rapidly; thus, Ying Yang's nose was compared to a thief sharpening an egg; Zhang Hua's appearance was likened to holding a pestle for pounding grain. Such base words, damaging the virtuous sound—was it not the foolish laughter of those drowning and the mad songs of slaves?
3 打开字典显示影印本谐讔:
讔者，隐也。遁辞以隐意，谲譬以指事也。昔还社求拯于楚师，喻眢井而称麦麴；叔仪乞粮于鲁人，歌佩玉而呼庚癸；伍举刺荆王以大鸟，齐客讥薛公以海鱼；庄姬托辞于龙尾，臧文谬书于羊裘。隐语之用，被于纪传。大者兴治济身，其次弼违晓惑。盖意生于权谲，而事出于机急，与夫谐辞，可相表里者也。汉世《隐书》，十有八篇，歆、固编文，录之赋末。Riddles are concealments. They use evasive words to hide meaning, and employ witty analogies to point at matters. In the past, Huanshe sought rescue from the Chu army, using the metaphor of a dry well and referring to wheat malt; Shuyi begged for provisions from the people of Lu, singing about jade ornaments while calling out "Geng Gui"; Wu Ju criticized King Jing with a metaphor of a great bird, and a guest from Qi ridiculed Xue Gong using the analogy of a sea fish; Zhuang Ji entrusted her words to the dragon's tail, and Zang Wen falsely wrote on a sheepskin robe. The use of cryptic language is recorded in historical biographies. At the highest level, they promote governance and save themselves; at the next level, they correct errors and clarify confusion. For their intent arises from strategic wit, and the matter stems from urgent circumstances; they are closely related to humorous words, being complementary in essence. In the Han dynasty, there was a "Book of Riddles" with eighteen chapters; Xun and Gu compiled texts and included them at the end of fu compositions.
4 打开字典显示相似段落显示影印本谐讔:
昔楚庄、齐威，性好隐语。至东方曼倩，尤巧辞述。但谬辞诋戏，无益规补。自魏代以来，颇非俳优，而君子嘲隐，化为谜语。谜也者，回互其辞，使昏迷也。或体目文字，或图象品物，纤巧以弄思，浅察以衒辞，义欲婉而正，辞欲隐而显。荀卿《蚕赋》，已兆其体。至魏文、陈思，约而密之。高贵乡公，博举品物，虽有小巧，用乖远大。观夫古之为隐，理周要务，岂为童稚之戏谑，搏髀而忭笑哉！然文辞之有谐讔，譬九流之有小说，盖稗官所采，以广视听。若效而不已，则髡朔之入室，旃孟之石交乎？In the past, King Zhuang of Chu and King Wei of Qi had a fondness for riddles. By the time of Dongfang Manqian, he was especially skillful in composing such words. But erroneous and mocking words are of no benefit to admonition or correction. Since the Wei dynasty, jesters and actors were somewhat criticized, while gentlemen's satirical riddles transformed into puzzles. A riddle is a form of language that twists and turns, causing confusion and obscurity. Some take the form of characters or words, others depict objects with images; they playfully engage the mind and display cleverness through superficial observation. The meaning should be subtle yet correct, and the language should be concealed yet clear. Xunzi's "Silkworm Fu" already indicated its form. By the time of Emperor Wen of Wei and Chen Si, they refined it to be concise and precise. Gao Guixianggong listed various objects in great detail; although there was some cleverness, it lacked broader significance and application. Observing the riddles of ancient times, their principles encompassed important matters; how could they merely be childish games or occasions for clapping and laughing with joy! Yet, just as humorous riddles exist within literary works, so too does fiction exist among the Nine Streams; they are collected by minor officials to broaden people's vision and hearing. If one imitates without restraint, would it not become like the intrusion of Kun Shuo or the stone friendship between Zhan and Meng?
5 打开字典显示相似段落显示影印本谐讔:
赞曰：古之嘲隐，振危释惫。虽有丝麻，无弃菅蒯。会义适时，颇益讽诫。空戏滑稽，德音大坏。In praise: Ancient satire and riddles, alleviated danger and dispelled fatigue. Though made of silk or hemp, they should not be discarded like jian or kua grass. Meeting meaning and fitting the times, they are somewhat beneficial for satire and admonition. Empty jests and buffoonery severely damage virtuous influence.